{"id":191124,"date":"2026-08-10T09:38:50","date_gmt":"2026-08-10T07:38:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/?p=191124"},"modified":"2026-08-10T10:48:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T08:48:21","slug":"bmws-new-i3-cuts-600-metres-of-wiring-with-four-central-brains","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/fr\/2026\/08\/10\/bmws-new-i3-cuts-600-metres-of-wiring-with-four-central-brains\/","title":{"rendered":"La nouvelle i3 de BMW permet de r\u00e9duire de 600 m\u00e8tres la longueur du c\u00e2blage gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 quatre \u00ab cerveaux \u00bb centraux"},"content":{"rendered":"

BMW lance ce mois-ci la production de la nouvelle i3 avec un argument de vente moins spectaculaire que l'autonomie, l'acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration ou la vitesse de recharge, mais qui pourrait s'av\u00e9rer plus important pour l'avenir de l'industrie automobile.<\/p>\n

Son architecture \u00e9lectronique \u201c Neue Klasse \u201d permet de r\u00e9duire la longueur du c\u00e2blage d'environ 600 m\u00e8tres et de concentrer une grande partie de la puissance de calcul du v\u00e9hicule dans seulement quatre \u00ab super-cerveaux \u00bb centraux.<\/p>\n

C'est \u00e9galement un signe suppl\u00e9mentaire que la vieille garde automobile europ\u00e9enne a tir\u00e9 les le\u00e7ons d'une \u00e9volution initi\u00e9e par Tesla, puis acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e par les constructeurs chinois de v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques.<\/p>\n

Pour construire efficacement une voiture \u00e9lectrique, il ne suffit pas de remplacer le moteur \u00e0 combustion par une batterie et des moteurs \u00e9lectriques. Il faut simplifier l'ensemble de l'architecture \u00e9lectronique, en r\u00e9duisant le nombre de contr\u00f4leurs distincts, en raccourcissant les longueurs de c\u00e2blage et en concentrant davantage les fonctions logicielles dans des calculateurs centraux.<\/p>\n

Farley a tir\u00e9 une le\u00e7on de Tesla<\/h4>\n

Jim Farley, PDG de Ford, a expliqu\u00e9 avoir constat\u00e9 ce probl\u00e8me pr\u00e9cis lorsque ses ing\u00e9nieurs ont compar\u00e9 Tesla et les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques chinois, tandis que BMW a d\u00e9sormais repens\u00e9 sa \u00ab Neue Klasse \u00bb en s'appuyant sur la m\u00eame philosophie de base.<\/p>\n

Selon BMW, l'architecture \u00ab Neue Klasse \u00bb utilise environ 600 m\u00e8tres de c\u00e2bles en moins que la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et r\u00e9duit le poids du faisceau de c\u00e2bles de 30%.<\/p>\n

La voiture est divis\u00e9e en zones physiques, les capteurs et les actionneurs \u00e9tant reli\u00e9s \u00e0 des contr\u00f4leurs situ\u00e9s \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, ce qui \u00e9vite d'avoir \u00e0 installer des c\u00e2bles individuels dans tout le v\u00e9hicule.<\/p>\n

Au-dessus d'eux se trouvent quatre ordinateurs ultra-performants que BMW appelle les \u201c superbrains \u201d. Ils g\u00e8rent la dynamique de conduite, la conduite et le stationnement automatis\u00e9s, l'infodivertissement, ainsi que les fonctions de base li\u00e9es au confort et \u00e0 la carrosserie. \u00c0 eux tous, ils offrent une puissance de calcul jusqu'\u00e0 vingt fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle des syst\u00e8mes pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents de BMW.<\/p>\n

Les calculateurs n'ont pas tous \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9s<\/h4>\n

Ces quatre \u00ab super-cerveaux \u00bb ne se contentent pas de remplacer toutes les unit\u00e9s de commande \u00e9lectroniques (ECU) de la voiture. Des contr\u00f4leurs d\u00e9di\u00e9s restent n\u00e9cessaires pour des composants tels que la batterie, l'\u00e9lectronique de puissance, les \u00e9quipements de recharge, les capteurs et les actionneurs. BMW conserve \u00e9galement des contr\u00f4leurs de zone plus simples pour relier ces composants aux ordinateurs centraux.<\/p>\n

Ce qui change fondamentalement, c'est l'emplacement o\u00f9 r\u00e9side l'intelligence. Les fonctions qui \u00e9taient auparavant r\u00e9parties entre de nombreux calculateurs \u00e9lectroniques (ECU) d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s par diff\u00e9rents \u00e9quipementiers sont de plus en plus concentr\u00e9es dans les quatre calculateurs centraux.<\/p>\n

BMW ne pr\u00e9cise pas exactement combien d'ECU traditionnels sont supprim\u00e9s ; il serait donc trompeur d'affirmer que quatre ordinateurs remplacent 100 unit\u00e9s de commande. \u00c0 lui seul, l'ordinateur \u00ab Heart of Joy \u00bb regroupe toutefois les fonctions de transmission, de freinage, de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d'\u00e9nergie et de contr\u00f4le du ch\u00e2ssis, qui n\u00e9cessitaient auparavant plusieurs contr\u00f4leurs distincts.<\/p>\n

Cette consolidation est importante, car une voiture moderne peut comporter bien plus de 100 calculateurs. Et l'\u00e9lectrification ne simplifie pas forc\u00e9ment les choses.<\/p>\n

Une voiture \u00e0 moteur thermique classique n\u00e9cessite des calculateurs pour son moteur, sa bo\u00eete de vitesses, ses syst\u00e8mes antipollution, ses dispositifs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, ses \u00e9quipements de confort, son syst\u00e8me d'infodivertissement et ses aides \u00e0 la conduite de plus en plus sophistiqu\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Les v\u00e9hicules hybrides rechargeables (PHEV) sont les plus complexes<\/h4>\n

Un v\u00e9hicule hybride conserve la quasi-totalit\u00e9 de ces syst\u00e8mes, mais int\u00e8gre en plus une batterie haute tension, un moteur \u00e9lectrique, un onduleur et un syst\u00e8me de gestion hybride. Un v\u00e9hicule hybride rechargeable ajoute \u00e0 cela des composants \u00e9lectroniques de recharge ainsi qu'un syst\u00e8me de gestion de la haute tension et de la temp\u00e9rature plus sophistiqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n

D'un point de vue \u00e9lectronique, un v\u00e9hicule hybride rechargeable (PHEV) peut donc s'av\u00e9rer plus complexe qu'une voiture \u00e0 moteur thermique classique ou qu'un v\u00e9hicule 100 % \u00e9lectrique con\u00e7u \u00e0 partir de z\u00e9ro.<\/p>\n

Un v\u00e9hicule \u00e9lectrique \u00e0 batterie (BEV) ne comporte ni syst\u00e8me de gestion du moteur, ni syst\u00e8me de post-traitement des gaz d'\u00e9chappement, ni bo\u00eete de vitesses classique, mais int\u00e8gre en revanche un syst\u00e8me de gestion de la batterie, des onduleurs de traction, des composants \u00e9lectroniques de recharge et un syst\u00e8me de contr\u00f4le thermique haute tension.<\/p>\n

Le fait qu'il faille finalement 70, 100 ou davantage de modules de commande d\u00e9pend de moins en moins de son syst\u00e8me de propulsion que de la conception de son architecture \u00e9lectronique.<\/p>\n

Ce que \u00ab Neue Klasse \u00bb tente de changer<\/h4>\n

Cette prise de conscience se g\u00e9n\u00e9ralise dans l'ensemble du secteur. Les voitures traditionnelles comportent une quantit\u00e9 impressionnante de c\u00e2bles et une multitude de modules \u00e9lectroniques distincts.<\/p>\n

Chaque c\u00e2ble suppl\u00e9mentaire entra\u00eene une augmentation des co\u00fbts, du poids, du travail d'assemblage et de la complexit\u00e9. L'\u00e9volution vers des v\u00e9hicules d\u00e9finis par logiciel ne se limite donc pas aux \u00e9crans, aux applications et \u00e0 l'intelligence artificielle. Elle vise \u00e9galement \u00e0 simplifier radicalement le \u00ab syst\u00e8me nerveux \u00bb physique de la voiture.<\/p>\n

Jim Farley, PDG de Ford, a appris cette le\u00e7on \u00e0 ses d\u00e9pens. Lorsque les ing\u00e9nieurs de Ford ont compar\u00e9 leur mod\u00e8le \u00e0 celui de Tesla, ils ont d\u00e9couvert que le faisceau de c\u00e2bles de la Mustang Mach-E \u00e9tait environ 1,6 kilom\u00e8tre plus long et pesait environ 32 kg de plus que l'architecture concurrente, con\u00e7ue de mani\u00e8re plus efficace.<\/p>\n

Farley a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 par la suite que cette d\u00e9couverte l'avait laiss\u00e9 \u201c bouche b\u00e9e \u201d et avait mis en \u00e9vidence \u00e0 quel point les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques de premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de Ford avaient h\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la logique traditionnelle de d\u00e9veloppement automobile.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9coupe de 1,2 km de c\u00e2bles<\/h4>\n

Ford est depuis reparti de z\u00e9ro. Sa nouvelle plateforme universelle pour v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques, destin\u00e9e \u00e0 servir de base \u00e0 une nouvelle g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques abordables, utilise plus de 4 000 pieds (environ 1,2 kilom\u00e8tre) de c\u00e2blage en moins que le SUV \u00e9lectrique de premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de Ford. Le nouveau faisceau de c\u00e2bles est \u00e9galement plus l\u00e9ger d'environ 10 kg.<\/p>\n

Cela semble plus spectaculaire que les 600 m\u00e8tres d'\u00e9conomie r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par BMW, m\u00eame si ces chiffres ne peuvent pas \u00eatre directement compar\u00e9s, car les deux constructeurs se basent sur des v\u00e9hicules et des architectures diff\u00e9rents. Ils illustrent toutefois la m\u00eame tendance technique.<\/p>\n

Pour Farley, le faisceau de c\u00e2bles est devenu le symbole d'un probl\u00e8me concurrentiel bien plus vaste. Il a maintes fois soulign\u00e9 que Tesla, et surtout les constructeurs chinois de v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques, sont entr\u00e9s dans l'\u00e8re de la voiture \u00e9lectrique avec moins d'a priori h\u00e9rit\u00e9s des v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 moteur thermique.<\/p>\n

Sa fascination pour Xiaomi est presque devenue le symbole de cette prise de conscience. Farley s'est fait importer une Xiaomi SU7 de Shanghai \u00e0 Chicago et l'a conduite pendant des mois, d\u00e9clarant notamment qu'il ne voulait pas s'en s\u00e9parer.<\/p>\n

Ford a \u00e9galement proc\u00e9d\u00e9 au d\u00e9montage syst\u00e9matique de v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques chinois afin de comprendre comment leurs constructeurs parviennent \u00e0 r\u00e9duire leurs co\u00fbts, \u00e0 optimiser l'int\u00e9gration des composants \u00e9lectroniques et \u00e0 acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le d\u00e9veloppement logiciel.<\/p>\n

Les Chinois ne cessent de progresser depuis des ann\u00e9es<\/h4>\n

Il est donc plus difficile de se prononcer sur les affirmations selon lesquelles BMW serait d\u00e9sormais en t\u00eate dans le domaine des v\u00e9hicules \u00ab software-defined \u00bb. Les constructeurs chinois s'orientent en effet depuis des ann\u00e9es vers une architecture informatique centralis\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

XPeng a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 son architecture X-EEA 3.0, qui int\u00e8gre un supercalculateur central, des contr\u00f4leurs locaux et une connexion Gigabit Ethernet, avant m\u00eame que la gamme Neue Klasse n'entre en production. L'entreprise qualifie d\u00e9sormais explicitement sa derni\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u201c\u201d architecture de calcul centralis\u00e9 et de contr\u00f4le par zone \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Nio a suivi une voie similaire avec son syst\u00e8me d'exploitation automobile SkyOS et une architecture informatique de plus en plus centralis\u00e9e. Ses derniers mod\u00e8les allient une capacit\u00e9 de traitement consid\u00e9rable pour la conduite assist\u00e9e, l'habitacle et les fonctions du v\u00e9hicule, tout en permettant aux d\u00e9veloppements logiciels et mat\u00e9riels de devenir progressivement moins d\u00e9pendants les uns des autres.<\/p>\n

Xiaomi adopte une approche quelque peu diff\u00e9rente. Ses derniers mod\u00e8les de voitures regroupent la conduite assist\u00e9e, le cockpit num\u00e9rique, le contr\u00f4le du v\u00e9hicule et les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications au sein d\u2019un contr\u00f4leur de domaine hautement int\u00e9gr\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Cette approche reste plus clairement structur\u00e9e autour de domaines fonctionnels que le concept de zones physiques de BMW, mais l'objectif est similaire : moins de bo\u00eetiers, moins de mat\u00e9riel redondant, un c\u00e2blage plus court et un meilleur contr\u00f4le sur les logiciels.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e9sent sur l'ensemble de la gamme de mod\u00e8les<\/h4>\n

La v\u00e9ritable valeur ajout\u00e9e de la \u00ab Neue Klasse \u00bb r\u00e9side peut-\u00eatre non seulement dans la r\u00e9duction du nombre de c\u00e2bles, mais aussi dans la mani\u00e8re dont BMW dissocie le logiciel du mat\u00e9riel sous-jacent.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u00ab Neue Klasse \u00bb dissocie les applications et les plateformes logicielles du mat\u00e9riel informatique sous-jacent, ce qui permet \u00e0 BMW de d\u00e9velopper des fonctions de mani\u00e8re de plus en plus ind\u00e9pendante des unit\u00e9s de commande individuelles \/BMW<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L'avantage de BMW r\u00e9side peut-\u00eatre dans l'ampleur de la refonte de son architecture et dans l'\u00e9tendue des applications qu'elle pr\u00e9voit d'en faire. L'\u00e9lectronique de la \u00ab Neue Klasse \u00bb n'est pas destin\u00e9e \u00e0 rester cantonn\u00e9e \u00e0 une petite gamme de v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques.<\/p>\n

BMW souhaite que cette technologie et cette architecture logicielle se g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisent \u00e0 l'ensemble de sa gamme de mod\u00e8les, afin que le d\u00e9veloppement logiciel devienne de plus en plus ind\u00e9pendant des diff\u00e9rentes g\u00e9n\u00e9rations de v\u00e9hicules et, \u00e0 terme, des composants mat\u00e9riels individuels.<\/p>\n

Cela modifie \u00e9galement les relations de BMW avec ses fournisseurs. Dans une architecture distribu\u00e9e traditionnelle, une grande partie des logiciels r\u00e9side dans un calculateur (ECU) d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par un fournisseur de premier rang pour une fonction sp\u00e9cifique.<\/p>\n

Modifier cette fonction peut impliquer de faire \u00e0 nouveau appel \u00e0 ce fournisseur et de modifier \u00e0 la fois le mat\u00e9riel et les logiciels. L'informatique centralis\u00e9e offre \u00e0 BMW un contr\u00f4le bien plus important sur la couche logicielle et facilite potentiellement le changement de fournisseur de mat\u00e9riel sans avoir \u00e0 r\u00e9\u00e9crire l'int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de la fonction.<\/p>\n

Remplacement de 150 fusibles traditionnels<\/h4>\n

Un autre aspect marquant de la refonte \u00e9lectrique de la \u00ab Neue Klasse \u00bb est l\u2019introduction par BMW des \u00ab Smart eFuses \u00bb, des fusibles \u00e0 commande num\u00e9rique. Ceux-ci peuvent remplacer jusqu\u2019\u00e0 150 fusibles traditionnels et permettent de d\u00e9sactiver individuellement certains syst\u00e8mes \u00e9lectriques selon que le v\u00e9hicule roule, est en stationnement, en charge ou en cours de mise \u00e0 jour logicielle.<\/p>\n

La v\u00e9ritable avanc\u00e9e ne r\u00e9side donc pas dans le fait que BMW ait trouv\u00e9 un moyen astucieux d'\u00e9conomiser 600 m\u00e8tres de c\u00e2ble, mais dans le fait que l'entreprise repense la conception de la voiture selon une philosophie \u00e9lectronique fondamentalement diff\u00e9rente.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BMW is starting production of the new i3 this month with a claim that is less spectacular than range, acceleration, or charging speed, but potentially more important for the future of the car industry. Its Neue Klasse electronics architecture cuts around 600 meters of wiring and concentrates much of the car\u2019s computing power in just […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":191136,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\r\n\r\n{excerpt}\r\n\r\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[77160,28,6,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-191124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-china","category-europe","category-technology","category-top-stories-today"],"acf":[],"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?fit=1672%2C941&ssl=1",1672,941,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?fit=300%2C169&ssl=1",300,169,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?fit=640%2C360&ssl=1",640,360,true],"large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?fit=640%2C360&ssl=1",640,360,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?fit=1536%2C864&ssl=1",1536,864,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?fit=1672%2C941&ssl=1",1672,941,true],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?fit=18%2C10&ssl=1",18,10,true],"related-thumb":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?resize=640%2C480&ssl=1",640,480,true],"gform-image-choice-sm":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1",300,300,true],"gform-image-choice-md":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1",400,400,true],"gform-image-choice-lg":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?resize=600%2C600&ssl=1",600,600,true],"mailchimp":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?fit=560%2C315&ssl=1",560,315,true],"unipress-phone":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?resize=640%2C100&ssl=1",640,100,true],"unipress-tablet":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?resize=1536%2C240&ssl=1",1536,240,true],"unipress-tablet-portrait":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?resize=1536%2C180&ssl=1",1536,180,true],"unipress-tablet-landscape":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?resize=1672%2C180&ssl=1",1672,180,true],"unipress-smartphone":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?resize=1080%2C168&ssl=1",1080,168,true],"unipress-wide-screen":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/BMWi3-computing.png?resize=1672%2C180&ssl=1",1672,180,true]},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"

BMW is starting production of the new i3 this month with a claim that is less spectacular than range, acceleration, or charging speed, but potentially more important for the future of the car industry. Its Neue Klasse electronics architecture cuts around 600 meters of wiring and concentrates much of the car\u2019s computing power in just four central \u201csuperbrains\u201d. It is also another sign that Europe\u2019s automotive old guard has absorbed a lesson first demonstrated by Tesla and subsequently accelerated by Chinese EV makers. Building an electric car efficiently requires more than replacing the combustion engine with a battery and motors.…<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"China<\/a>, Europe<\/a>, Technology<\/a>, Top Stories Today<\/a>","author_info_v2":{"name":"Joris Van Roy","url":"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/fr\/author\/jorisximcom-be\/"},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","yoast_head":"\nBMW\u2019s new i3 cuts 600 meters of wiring with four central brains - newmobility.news<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/fr\/2026\/08\/10\/bmws-new-i3-cuts-600-metres-of-wiring-with-four-central-brains\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BMW\u2019s new i3 cuts 600 meters of wiring with four central brains - newmobility.news\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"BMW is starting production of the new i3 this month with a claim that is less spectacular than range, acceleration, or charging speed, but potentially more important for the future of the car industry. 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