{"id":195443,"date":"2026-10-08T12:20:48","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T10:20:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/?p=195443"},"modified":"2026-10-08T11:07:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T09:07:40","slug":"teslas-robotaxi-has-a-grey-kitten-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/fr\/2026\/10\/08\/teslas-robotaxi-has-a-grey-kitten-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"Le probl\u00e8me du \u2018 chaton gris \u2019 de Tesla met en \u00e9vidence les limites de son pari exclusif sur la vision"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tesla souhaite que sa technologie de conduite enti\u00e8rement autonome conqui\u00e8re l'Europe, mais son PDG, Elon Musk, a mis en avant un cas particulier d\u00e9licat auquel se heurte son approche bas\u00e9e sur des cam\u00e9ras : la d\u00e9tection d'objets petits et peu contrast\u00e9s dans l'obscurit\u00e9. Son exemple ? \u201c Des chatons gris sur du bitume gris. \u201d<\/p>\n

Tesla a r\u00e9cemment prolong\u00e9 les horaires d'exploitation de son service Robotaxi \u00e0 Austin, au Texas, de 22 h \u00e0 23 h. Lorsqu'on lui a demand\u00e9 pourquoi le service ne fonctionnait pas encore plus tard dans la nuit, M. Musk a r\u00e9pondu que les ing\u00e9nieurs s'effor\u00e7aient de garantir que les voitures puissent \u00e9viter de mani\u00e8re fiable les animaux de compagnie, difficiles \u00e0 rep\u00e9rer une fois la nuit tomb\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\u201c J'essaie litt\u00e9ralement d'\u00e9viter des chatons gris sur le bitume gris dans l'obscurit\u00e9 \u201d, a \u00e9crit Musk sur X. Cela peut sembler \u00eatre un cas de figure extr\u00eame et peu courant, mais personne ne souhaite qu'une voiture autonome \u00e9crase le chat du voisin.<\/p>\n

Et la d\u00e9tection des animaux n'est pas purement th\u00e9orique : Reuters a rapport\u00e9 plus t\u00f4t cette ann\u00e9e que des \u00e9tiqueteurs de donn\u00e9es de l'IA de Tesla avaient examin\u00e9 des s\u00e9quences vid\u00e9o montrant des voitures \u00e9quip\u00e9es du syst\u00e8me FSD percutant des chats, des chiens et des cerfs, parfois sans freiner avant l'impact.<\/p>\n

Mais surtout, ce chaton illustre parfaitement l'une des principales diff\u00e9rences technologiques entre Tesla et la plupart de ses concurrents dans le domaine de la conduite autonome.<\/p>\n

Cam\u00e9ras contre lidar<\/h4>\n

Tesla s'est de plus en plus engag\u00e9e dans la mise en place d'un syst\u00e8me bas\u00e9 sur la vision, s'appuyant principalement sur des cam\u00e9ras et l'intelligence artificielle. Musk a affirm\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises que les humains conduisent en utilisant leurs yeux et qu'une IA suffisamment avanc\u00e9e devrait donc \u00e9galement \u00eatre capable de conduire \u00e0 l'aide de cam\u00e9ras.<\/p>\n

Un animal gris se d\u00e9tachant sur l'asphalte gris en pleine nuit illustre bien cette difficult\u00e9. Les cam\u00e9ras d\u00e9pendent de la lumi\u00e8re disponible et du contraste. Les logiciels peuvent extraire beaucoup plus d'informations d'une image sombre que ce qu'un \u0153il humain pourrait percevoir au premier abord, mais ils ne peuvent pas r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer des informations visuelles qui n'ont jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 capt\u00e9es par le capteur.<\/p>\n

Des concurrents tels que Waymo adoptent une approche diff\u00e9rente. Son tout dernier mat\u00e9riel de conduite autonome associe des cam\u00e9ras \u00e0 un lidar et \u00e0 un radar. Le lidar \u00e9met activement des impulsions laser pour cartographier les objets et d\u00e9terminer leur distance ; la d\u00e9tection d\u00e9pend donc beaucoup moins du contraste des couleurs ou de la lumi\u00e8re ambiante. Le radar constitue quant \u00e0 lui une source d\u2019information ind\u00e9pendante suppl\u00e9mentaire.<\/p>\n

13 cam\u00e9ras, quatre lidars et six radars<\/h4>\n
\"\"
Contrairement \u00e0 l'approche de Tesla, ax\u00e9e sur la vision, Waymo combine cam\u00e9ras, lidar et radar pour offrir \u00e0 ses robotaxis plusieurs modes de perception de la route \/ Waymo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le syst\u00e8me \u00ab Driver \u00bb de sixi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de Waymo utilise 13 cam\u00e9ras, quatre capteurs lidar et six radars. Tesla, quant \u00e0 elle, a supprim\u00e9 les radars de ses v\u00e9hicules de s\u00e9rie il y a plusieurs ann\u00e9es et n'a jamais int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de lidar dans son syst\u00e8me de conduite de s\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n

Musk a longtemps rejet\u00e9 le lidar, le qualifiant de \u201c b\u00e9quille \u201d co\u00fbteuse et, au final, inutile, en affirmant que des cam\u00e9ras et des r\u00e9seaux neuronaux suffisamment avanc\u00e9s devraient, \u00e0 terme, permettre de r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me de la conduite autonome sans avoir recours \u00e0 cette technologie.<\/p>\n

Cet argument avait plus de poids \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque o\u00f9 les syst\u00e8mes lidar destin\u00e9s \u00e0 l'automobile \u00e9taient encombrants et extr\u00eamement co\u00fbteux. Les co\u00fbts ont fortement baiss\u00e9 depuis, ce qui a fait \u00e9voluer le d\u00e9bat vers la question de la redondance plut\u00f4t que celle du prix. Tesla fait \u00e9galement valoir que la combinaison de diff\u00e9rents types de capteurs peut g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des informations contradictoires que le logiciel doit harmoniser.<\/p>\n

Ce chaton ne prouve donc pas que Tesla Vision ne peut pas fonctionner. Mais il illustre pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment le genre de situation rare, o\u00f9 la visibilit\u00e9 est r\u00e9duite, dans laquelle les partisans de la redondance des capteurs affirment qu\u2019une deuxi\u00e8me fa\u00e7on de \u201c voir \u201d le monde peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer utile.<\/p>\n

Un timing europ\u00e9en mal choisi<\/h4>\n

Cette remarque intervient \u00e0 un moment particuli\u00e8rement d\u00e9licat, car Tesla fait pression pour obtenir une autorisation plus large du mode \u00ab Full Self-Driving Supervised \u00bb en Europe.<\/p>\n

Le syst\u00e8me europ\u00e9en n'est pas comparable au service de \u00ab Robotaxi \u00bb sans conducteur propos\u00e9 \u00e0 Austin. Le mode \u00ab FSD Supervised \u00bb reste un syst\u00e8me d'aide \u00e0 la conduite : la personne au volant doit le surveiller en permanence et en assume la responsabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Les Pays-Bas ont accord\u00e9 \u00e0 FSD une homologation \u00ab supervis\u00e9e \u00bb au d\u00e9but de cette ann\u00e9e, apr\u00e8s plus de 3 000 heures d'essais et l'analyse de donn\u00e9es issues de 1,8 million de kilom\u00e8tres parcourus en Europe. Sept autres pays de l'UE, dont la Belgique, le Danemark et la R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que, ont depuis d\u00e9livr\u00e9 des homologations nationales.<\/p>\n

Toutefois, une d\u00e9cision \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle de l'UE, initialement pr\u00e9vue pour octobre, a d\u00e9sormais \u00e9t\u00e9 report\u00e9e au moins jusqu'en d\u00e9cembre, en partie parce que certains pays, dont la France et la Su\u00e8de, ont exprim\u00e9 des r\u00e9serves concernant certaines fonctionnalit\u00e9s, telles que la fonction d'ajustement de la vitesse de Tesla. L'Allemagne, en revanche, se prononce d\u00e9sormais ouvertement en faveur d'une autorisation rapide.<\/p>\n

Tesla fait \u00e9galement l'objet d'une attention particuli\u00e8re concernant les donn\u00e9es sur lesquelles s'appuie l'entreprise pour \u00e9tayer ses affirmations en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Une enqu\u00eate de Reuters publi\u00e9e cette semaine a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que sept chercheurs sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 routi\u00e8re jugeaient l'\u00e9tude europ\u00e9enne de Tesla insuffisante pour prouver ses affirmations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales concernant la pr\u00e9vention des accidents ou le nombre de vies sauv\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Cette \u00e9tude s'est en partie appuy\u00e9e sur des comportements tels que les freinages brusques, l'utilisation du klaxon et les acc\u00e9l\u00e9rations brusques, utilis\u00e9s comme indicateurs de substitution aux statistiques r\u00e9elles d'accidents. Tesla a n\u00e9anmoins largement mis en avant cette \u00e9tude dans le cadre de ses actions de lobbying aupr\u00e8s des r\u00e9gulateurs europ\u00e9ens.<\/p>\n

L'importance des cas limites<\/h4>\n

Aucun syst\u00e8me de conduite autonome ne d\u00e9tecte tout \u00e0 la perfection, et le lidar n'est pas non plus une solution miracle. Le v\u00e9ritable d\u00e9bat porte sur la redondance : faut-il qu'une voiture \u00e0 laquelle on confie de plus en plus de t\u00e2ches de conduite dispose de plusieurs moyens fondamentalement diff\u00e9rents de percevoir le monde, au cas o\u00f9 un capteur atteindrait ses limites ?.<\/p>\n

Tesla estime que des cam\u00e9ras suffisamment performantes, associ\u00e9es \u00e0 l'intelligence artificielle, peuvent \u00e0 terme remplir cette fonction. Waymo et la plupart des autres d\u00e9veloppeurs de robotaxis pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent recourir \u00e0 des cam\u00e9ras compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par des syst\u00e8mes lidar et radar.<\/p>\n

Pour Tesla, r\u00e9soudre le probl\u00e8me du \u201c chaton gris \u201d va donc bien au-del\u00e0 de la simple protection des animaux de compagnie. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un nouveau test pour le pari de longue date de Musk selon lequel la vision seule pourra, \u00e0 terme, offrir la fiabilit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la conduite autonome, alors m\u00eame que les r\u00e9gulateurs europ\u00e9ens s\u2019appr\u00eatent \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer dans quelle mesure ils peuvent faire confiance au dossier de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 global pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par Tesla.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tesla wants its Full Self-Driving technology to conquer Europe, but CEO Elon Musk has highlighted one awkward edge case facing its camera-based approach: detecting small, low-contrast objects in the dark. His example? \u201cGrey kittens on grey tarmac.\u201d Tesla recently extended the operating hours of its Robotaxi service in Austin, Texas, from 10 p.m. to 11 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":195450,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\r\n\r\n{excerpt}\r\n\r\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[63,6,4,77165],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-195443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-autonomous-driving","category-technology","category-top-stories-today","category-usa"],"acf":[],"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?fit=2560%2C1378&ssl=1",2560,1378,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?fit=300%2C162&ssl=1",300,162,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?fit=640%2C345&ssl=1",640,345,true],"large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?fit=640%2C344&ssl=1",640,344,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?fit=1536%2C827&ssl=1",1536,827,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?fit=2048%2C1103&ssl=1",2048,1103,true],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?fit=18%2C10&ssl=1",18,10,true],"related-thumb":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?resize=640%2C480&ssl=1",640,480,true],"gform-image-choice-sm":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1",300,300,true],"gform-image-choice-md":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1",400,400,true],"gform-image-choice-lg":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?resize=600%2C600&ssl=1",600,600,true],"mailchimp":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?fit=560%2C302&ssl=1",560,302,true],"unipress-phone":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?resize=640%2C100&ssl=1",640,100,true],"unipress-tablet":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?resize=1536%2C240&ssl=1",1536,240,true],"unipress-tablet-portrait":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?resize=1536%2C180&ssl=1",1536,180,true],"unipress-tablet-landscape":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?resize=2048%2C180&ssl=1",2048,180,true],"unipress-smartphone":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?resize=1080%2C168&ssl=1",1080,168,true],"unipress-wide-screen":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Scherm%C2%ADafbeelding-2026-10-07-om-09.55.08-scaled.png?resize=2560%2C180&ssl=1",2560,180,true]},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"

Tesla wants its Full Self-Driving technology to conquer Europe, but CEO Elon Musk has highlighted one awkward edge case facing its camera-based approach: detecting small, low-contrast objects in the dark. His example? \u201cGrey kittens on grey tarmac.\u201d Tesla recently extended the operating hours of its Robotaxi service in Austin, Texas, from 10 p.m. to 11 p.m. Asked why the service does not yet run later into the night, Musk said engineers were working to ensure the cars reliably avoid pets that are difficult to see after dark. \u201cLiterally trying to avoid grey kittens on grey tarmac in the dark,\u201d Musk…<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"Autonomous driving<\/a>, Technology<\/a>, Top Stories Today<\/a>, USA<\/a>","author_info_v2":{"name":"Joris Van Roy","url":"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/fr\/author\/jorisximcom-be\/"},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","yoast_head":"\nTesla\u2019s \u2018grey kitten\u2019 problem exposes limits of its vision-only bet - newmobility.news<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/fr\/2026\/10\/08\/teslas-robotaxi-has-a-grey-kitten-problem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tesla\u2019s \u2018grey kitten\u2019 problem exposes limits of its vision-only bet - newmobility.news\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tesla wants its Full Self-Driving technology to conquer Europe, but CEO Elon Musk has highlighted one awkward edge case facing its camera-based approach: detecting small, low-contrast objects in the dark. 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