{"id":195664,"date":"2026-10-12T08:00:28","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T06:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/?p=195664"},"modified":"2026-10-09T10:16:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T08:16:15","slug":"putins-electric-dream-has-a-chinese-battery-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/fr\/2026\/10\/12\/putins-electric-dream-has-a-chinese-battery-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"Le r\u00eave \u00e9lectrique de Poutine se heurte \u00e0 un probl\u00e8me de batteries chinoises"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le march\u00e9 russe des voitures \u00e9lectriques et hybrides rechargeables est en plein essor, en partie sous l'effet des p\u00e9nuries d'essence li\u00e9es aux attaques ukrainiennes contre les raffineries de p\u00e9trole russes.<\/p>\n

Le pr\u00e9sident Vladimir Poutine souhaite d\u00e9sormais que le pays d\u00e9veloppe des technologies de pointe en mati\u00e8re de batteries, alors que l'entreprise publique Rosatom inaugure sa deuxi\u00e8me \u00ab gigafactory \u00bb. Mais les ambitions de la Russie en mati\u00e8re de v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques se heurtent \u00e0 une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 d\u00e9rangeante : une grande partie de son industrie automobile \u00e9lectrique d\u00e9pend encore de la technologie chinoise.<\/p>\n

Selon l'agence russe d'\u00e9tudes sur l'automobile Autostat, 11 400 voitures enti\u00e8rement \u00e9lectriques et 58 700 hybrides rechargeables ont \u00e9t\u00e9 immatricul\u00e9es au cours des neuf premiers mois de 2026. Les ventes de v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 batterie (BEV) ont augment\u00e9 de 42%, tandis que les immatriculations d'hybrides rechargeables ont \u00e9t\u00e9 multipli\u00e9es par 2,5.<\/p>\n

100 000 v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques<\/h4>\n

\u00c0 eux deux, ils ont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 7,31 TP3T des ventes de voitures neuves, un chiffre qui a atteint 10,81 TP3T pour le seul mois de septembre. Sergey Tselikov, directeur d\u2019Autostat, pr\u00e9voit que plus de 100 000 v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectrifi\u00e9s seront vendus d\u2019ici la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e, soit environ le double du volume pr\u00e9vu pour 2025.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Pourtant, l'essor de l'\u00e9lectrique en Russie reste modeste par rapport \u00e0 l'Europe. Selon l\u2019Association des constructeurs europ\u00e9ens d\u2019automobiles (ACEA), 1,64 million de v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 batterie (BEV) et 758 000 hybrides rechargeables ont \u00e9t\u00e9 immatricul\u00e9s dans l\u2019UE au cours des huit premiers mois de 2026, ce qui repr\u00e9sente une part de march\u00e9 cumul\u00e9e de 31,7%.<\/p>\n

Le contraste est particuli\u00e8rement frappant en ce qui concerne les voitures enti\u00e8rement \u00e9lectriques : 21,71 TP3T d'immatriculations dans l'UE, contre seulement 1,21 TP3T en Russie. Contrairement \u00e0 l'Europe, l'essor de l'\u00e9lectrification en Russie est tr\u00e8s majoritairement port\u00e9 par les hybrides rechargeables plut\u00f4t que par les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques purs.<\/p>\n

La p\u00e9nurie d'essence favorise la conduite \u00e9lectrique<\/h4>\n

Par ironie du sort, la guerre men\u00e9e par la Russie contre l'Ukraine contribue \u00e0 acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l'\u00e9lectrification du pays. Les attaques r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es de drones ukrainiens contre des raffineries de p\u00e9trole ont perturb\u00e9 l'approvisionnement en carburant, entra\u00eenant des p\u00e9nuries, des files d'attente dans les stations-service et une hausse des prix.<\/p>\n

Selon Reuters, les ventes de v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques et d'hybrides rechargeables ont plus que doubl\u00e9 entre juin et ao\u00fbt, atteignant 26 543 v\u00e9hicules, contre 12 187 un an plus t\u00f4t.<\/p>\n

L'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 li\u00e9e \u00e0 l'approvisionnement en carburant incite de plus en plus les automobilistes russes \u00e0 envisager la conduite \u00e9lectrique, m\u00eame si le co\u00fbt et le manque d'infrastructures de recharge constituent toujours des obstacles majeurs.<\/p>\n

La Chine, quant \u00e0 elle, \u00e9volue \u00e0 une \u00e9chelle tout \u00e0 fait diff\u00e9rente, les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques \u00e0 batterie et les v\u00e9hicules hybrides rechargeables repr\u00e9sentant d\u00e9j\u00e0 plus de la moiti\u00e9 de son march\u00e9 automobile.<\/p>\n

Des insignes russes, une technologie chinoise<\/h4>\n

Les constructeurs chinois ont combl\u00e9 une grande partie du vide laiss\u00e9 par les constructeurs automobiles occidentaux et japonais \u00e0 la suite de l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie.<\/p>\n

Geely, Dongfeng, Chery et GAC comptent parmi les principaux fournisseurs, aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de marques haut de gamme sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es dans les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectrifi\u00e9s telles que Voyah, Li Auto et Zeekr.<\/p>\n

M\u00eame les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques pr\u00e9tendument russes sont souvent d'origine chinoise. Evolute, l'une des principales marques nationales de v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectrifi\u00e9s, assemble des v\u00e9hicules bas\u00e9s sur la technologie chinoise de Dongfeng.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Les deux facettes de l'industrie \u00e9mergente de la voiture \u00e9lectrique en Russie : l'Evolute i-Sky (\u00e0 gauche) et l'i-Joy (\u00e0 droite), toutes deux enti\u00e8rement \u00e9lectriques, commercialis\u00e9es comme des v\u00e9hicules russes mais reposant sur une technologie chinoise. \/Evolute \u2013 Assist\u00e9 par l'IA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Son hybride rechargeable i-Space et son crossover \u00e9lectrique i-Joy illustrent la strat\u00e9gie de la Russie visant \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper une industrie nationale des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques sans pour autant produire chaque composant de mani\u00e8re ind\u00e9pendante.<\/p>\n

Les marques chinoises Haval, Geely et Changan se sont \u00e9galement impos\u00e9es sur l'ensemble du march\u00e9 automobile russe, tandis que les mod\u00e8les Tenet assembl\u00e9s localement sont d\u00e9riv\u00e9s des v\u00e9hicules de la marque chinoise Chery.<\/p>\n

Lada r\u00e8gne toujours en ma\u00eetre, mais Renault, c'est du pass\u00e9<\/h4>\n

La marque la plus vendue en Russie reste Lada, avec 28 388 v\u00e9hicules vendus en septembre 2026, ce qui repr\u00e9sente pr\u00e8s d'un quart du march\u00e9. Toutefois, son succ\u00e8s repose en grande partie sur des mod\u00e8les \u00e0 essence classiques tels que la Granta, la Vesta et la Niva.<\/p>\n

Ses ambitions dans le domaine de l'\u00e9lectrique se limitent pour l'instant \u00e0 des projets tels que l'e-Largus, une version \u00e9lectrique de son break et de sa fourgonnette de livraison. Certains v\u00e9hicules ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en service au sein de flottes, mais Lada n'a pas encore r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 s'imposer de mani\u00e8re significative sur le march\u00e9 des v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques particuliers.<\/p>\n

Ironie du sort, le constructeur de Lada, AvtoVAZ, \u00e9tait autrefois contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par le groupe fran\u00e7ais Renault. En 2021, la Russie \u00e9tait le deuxi\u00e8me march\u00e9 de Renault apr\u00e8s la France, avec plus de 482 000 v\u00e9hicules vendus sous les marques du groupe et une part de march\u00e9 cumul\u00e9e de 28,81 TP3T.<\/p>\n

Renault avait r\u00e9alis\u00e9 d'importants investissements dans AvtoVAZ depuis 2008, en modernisant ses usines et en partageant ses plateformes et ses technologies.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 la suite de l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie en 2022, l'entreprise a toutefois c\u00e9d\u00e9 sa participation de 67,69% \u00e0 l'\u00c9tat russe et a remis son usine de Moscou aux autorit\u00e9s municipales, ce qui a entra\u00een\u00e9 une d\u00e9pr\u00e9ciation d'environ 2,2 milliards d'euros de ses actifs russes.<\/p>\n

L'ancienne usine Renault produit d\u00e9sormais des v\u00e9hicules sous la marque Moskvich, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 relanc\u00e9e, notamment le mod\u00e8le \u00e9lectrique Moskvich 3e, bas\u00e9 sur la technologie chinoise JAC.<\/p>\n

\"\"
De Renault \u00e0 Moskvich : des ouvriers inspectent une Moskvich 3e \u00e9lectrique dans l'ancienne usine Renault de Moscou. Ce SUV de marque russe repose sur la technologie chinoise de JAC, ce qui illustre la d\u00e9pendance croissante du pays vis-\u00e0-vis des constructeurs automobiles chinois \/Moskvich<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Renault s'est r\u00e9serv\u00e9 la possibilit\u00e9 de racheter sa participation dans AvtoVAZ dans un d\u00e9lai de six ans, mais un tel rachat s'av\u00e9rerait co\u00fbteux. En f\u00e9vrier 2025, AvtoVAZ a affirm\u00e9 que Renault devrait d\u00e9bourser au moins $1,3 milliard pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer son ancienne participation.<\/p>\n

Les voitures \u00e9lectriques europ\u00e9ennes n'ont pas non plus disparu du march\u00e9 russe. Les mod\u00e8les Volkswagen ID.4 et ID.6, les v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques BMW, les Audi e-tron et les Porsche Taycan peuvent toujours parvenir jusqu'aux clients par le biais d'importations parall\u00e8les, souvent en provenance de Chine, plut\u00f4t que par les canaux officiels des constructeurs.<\/p>\n

Les voitures \u00e9lectriques restent ch\u00e8res<\/h4>\n

Le prix constitue un autre obstacle. Une Evolute i-Joy affiche un prix catalogue officiel d'environ 3,12 millions de roubles (32 700 \u20ac), tandis que l'i-Space hybride rechargeable est propos\u00e9e \u00e0 partir d'environ 3,59 millions de roubles (37 600 \u20ac).<\/p>\n

Les remises, les aides financi\u00e8res et les solutions de financement peuvent r\u00e9duire consid\u00e9rablement les prix d'achat, mais ces v\u00e9hicules restent chers par rapport aux revenus moyens des Russes.<\/p>\n

La demande se concentre donc sur les acheteurs les plus ais\u00e9s, les entreprises et les m\u00e9nages pouvant recharger leur v\u00e9hicule \u00e0 domicile. Le r\u00e9seau public de bornes de recharge reste in\u00e9galement r\u00e9parti, en particulier en dehors de Moscou, de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg et des autres grands centres urbains.<\/p>\n

Les immenses distances et les hivers rigoureux de la Russie contribuent \u00e9galement \u00e0 expliquer la pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les hybrides rechargeables et les v\u00e9hicules \u00e0 autonomie prolong\u00e9e, qui peuvent rouler en mode \u00e9lectrique sans d\u00e9pendre enti\u00e8rement des r\u00e9seaux de recharge.<\/p>\n

Rosatom inaugure sa deuxi\u00e8me \u00ab gigafactory \u00bb de batteries<\/h4>\n

Dans le m\u00eame temps, Moscou s'efforce de r\u00e9duire sa d\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis des batteries import\u00e9es. Le 6 octobre, le groupe nucl\u00e9aire public Rosatom a inaugur\u00e9 une \u00ab gigafactory \u00bb de batteries lithium-ion dans la r\u00e9gion de Moscou, dont la capacit\u00e9 de production annuelle pr\u00e9vue est de 4 GWh.<\/p>\n

Cette initiative fait suite \u00e0 l'ouverture d'une installation similaire \u00e0 Kaliningrad en d\u00e9cembre 2025, portant ainsi la capacit\u00e9 annuelle totale annonc\u00e9e par la Russie \u00e0 8 GWh.<\/p>\n

Selon Rosatom, chaque usine pourrait \u00e0 terme produire suffisamment de cellules de batterie pour \u00e9quiper environ 50 000 v\u00e9hicules \u00e9lectriques par an.<\/p>\n

Le site de Moscou regroupe la fabrication d'\u00e9lectrodes, la production de cellules lithium-ion et l'assemblage complet des batteries. Toutefois, la capacit\u00e9 annonc\u00e9e ne correspond pas n\u00e9cessairement aux volumes de production r\u00e9els.<\/p>\n

Son ind\u00e9pendance technologique est \u00e9galement relative. Renera, la filiale de Rosatom sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans les batteries, avait auparavant conclu un partenariat avec Enertech International, un sp\u00e9cialiste sud-cor\u00e9en des batteries, dont l'expertise a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 soutenir le projet russe dans ce domaine.<\/p>\n

Poutine voit plus loin que le lithium<\/h4>\n

S'exprimant lors d'une r\u00e9union consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 l'industrie des batteries, Poutine a exhort\u00e9 les chercheurs et les fabricants russes \u00e0 se concentrer sur les technologies de pointe en mati\u00e8re de stockage d'\u00e9nergie, notamment les batteries dites \u00ab post-lithium \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Il pourrait s'agir notamment des batteries au sodium-ion et d'autres technologies alternatives visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res critiques ou co\u00fbteuses.<\/p>\n

Cependant, toutes les technologies \u00ab post-lithium \u00bb n'offrent pas une densit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e, comme l'a laiss\u00e9 entendre Poutine. Les batteries au sodium-ion, par exemple, pr\u00e9sentent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une densit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle des principales technologies au lithium-ion, m\u00eame si elles peuvent offrir des avantages en termes de co\u00fbt et de disponibilit\u00e9 des mat\u00e9riaux.<\/p>\n

La Russie n'a pas encore r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 mettre au point une batterie automobile \u00ab post-lithium \u00bb commercialis\u00e9e, capable de rivaliser avec les g\u00e9ants chinois tels que CATL et BYD.<\/p>\n

Ces entreprises allient d\u00e9j\u00e0 d'\u00e9normes capacit\u00e9s de production \u00e0 une recherche de pointe, \u00e0 des cha\u00eenes d'approvisionnement bien \u00e9tablies et \u00e0 des ann\u00e9es d'exp\u00e9rience dans la fabrication de batteries \u00e0 des prix comp\u00e9titifs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Russia’s electric-car and plug-in-hybrid market is booming, partly fuelled by petrol shortages following Ukrainian attacks on Russian oil refineries. President Vladimir Putin now wants the country to develop cutting-edge battery technologies, as state-owned Rosatom opens its second gigafactory. But Russia’s EV ambitions face an uncomfortable reality: much of its electric-car industry still depends on Chinese […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":195675,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\r\n\r\n{excerpt}\r\n\r\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[77160,16,77219,6,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-195664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-china","category-industry","category-russia","category-technology","category-top-stories-today"],"acf":[],"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?fit=1672%2C941&ssl=1",1672,941,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?fit=300%2C169&ssl=1",300,169,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?fit=640%2C360&ssl=1",640,360,true],"large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?fit=640%2C360&ssl=1",640,360,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?fit=1536%2C864&ssl=1",1536,864,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?fit=1672%2C941&ssl=1",1672,941,true],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?fit=18%2C10&ssl=1",18,10,true],"related-thumb":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?resize=640%2C480&ssl=1",640,480,true],"gform-image-choice-sm":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1",300,300,true],"gform-image-choice-md":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1",400,400,true],"gform-image-choice-lg":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?resize=600%2C600&ssl=1",600,600,true],"mailchimp":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?fit=560%2C315&ssl=1",560,315,true],"unipress-phone":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?resize=640%2C100&ssl=1",640,100,true],"unipress-tablet":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?resize=1536%2C240&ssl=1",1536,240,true],"unipress-tablet-portrait":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?resize=1536%2C180&ssl=1",1536,180,true],"unipress-tablet-landscape":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?resize=1672%2C180&ssl=1",1672,180,true],"unipress-smartphone":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?resize=1080%2C168&ssl=1",1080,168,true],"unipress-wide-screen":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Electric-Lada-on-the-Assembly-Line.png?resize=1672%2C180&ssl=1",1672,180,true]},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"

Russia’s electric-car and plug-in-hybrid market is booming, partly fuelled by petrol shortages following Ukrainian attacks on Russian oil refineries. President Vladimir Putin now wants the country to develop cutting-edge battery technologies, as state-owned Rosatom opens its second gigafactory. But Russia’s EV ambitions face an uncomfortable reality: much of its electric-car industry still depends on Chinese technology. According to Russian automotive research agency Autostat, 11,400 fully electric cars and 58,700 plug-in hybrids were registered during the first nine months of 2026. BEV sales rose by 42%, while plug-in hybrid registrations increased 2.5-fold. 100,000 electrified vehicles Together, they accounted for 7.3% of…<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"China<\/a>, Industry<\/a>, Russia<\/a>, Technology<\/a>, Top Stories Today<\/a>","author_info_v2":{"name":"Joris Van Roy","url":"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/fr\/author\/jorisximcom-be\/"},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","yoast_head":"\nPutin's electric dream has a Chinese battery problem - newmobility.news<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/fr\/2026\/10\/12\/putins-electric-dream-has-a-chinese-battery-problem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Putin's electric dream has a Chinese battery problem - newmobility.news\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Russia’s electric-car and plug-in-hybrid market is booming, partly fuelled by petrol shortages following Ukrainian attacks on Russian oil refineries. President Vladimir Putin now wants the country to develop cutting-edge battery technologies, as state-owned Rosatom opens its second gigafactory. 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