{"id":196815,"date":"2026-10-29T13:26:34","date_gmt":"2026-10-29T12:26:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/?p=196815"},"modified":"2026-10-29T13:26:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-29T12:26:34","slug":"deadly-rail-crash-sparks-safety-row-as-spanish-train-drivers-strike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/fr\/2026\/10\/29\/deadly-rail-crash-sparks-safety-row-as-spanish-train-drivers-strike\/","title":{"rendered":"Un accident ferroviaire meurtrier d\u00e9clenche une pol\u00e9mique sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alors que les conducteurs de train espagnols sont en gr\u00e8ve"},"content":{"rendered":"

Au total, 68 personnes ont perdu la vie \u00e0 ce jour dans la violente collision survenue hier entre deux trains \u00e0 grande vitesse en Espagne.<\/p>\n

L'enqu\u00eate sur les causes de l'accident ferroviaire bat son plein, mais tout semble indiquer qu'il pourrait s'agir d'une erreur humaine. L'accident aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 provoqu\u00e9 par une d\u00e9cision \u201c inexplicable \u201d et \u201c erron\u00e9e \u201d du centre de contr\u00f4le du trafic, qui a autoris\u00e9 le train de la Renfe \u00e0 poursuivre sa route malgr\u00e9 le signal rouge.<\/p>\n

Lors de l'accident ferroviaire survenu pr\u00e8s de la ville d'Urda, \u00e0 environ 130 km au sud de Madrid, un train \u00e0 grande vitesse AVE exploit\u00e9 par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 publique Renfe a percut\u00e9 par l'arri\u00e8re un train \u00e0 grande vitesse \u00e0 l'arr\u00eat exploit\u00e9 par la compagnie ferroviaire priv\u00e9e Iryo.<\/p>\n

Par ailleurs, le syndicat espagnol des conducteurs de train, le Semaf, a entam\u00e9 une gr\u00e8ve de 24 heures. Cette gr\u00e8ve avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9e \u00e0 la mi-octobre et s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9e comme pr\u00e9vu, malgr\u00e9 la trag\u00e9die : plus de 100 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bless\u00e9es, dont une cinquantaine sont toujours hospitalis\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Les gr\u00e9vistes r\u00e9clament notamment des am\u00e9liorations structurelles en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d'entretien du r\u00e9seau ferroviaire espagnol, qui est mis \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve en raison du grand succ\u00e8s du r\u00e9seau \u00e0 grande vitesse.<\/p>\n

Des enregistrements audio ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9s<\/h4>\n

Un enregistrement audio de la conversation entre le contr\u00f4leur du trafic et le conducteur du train HST, publi\u00e9 sur YouTube par le journal espagnol El Pa\u00eds, r\u00e9v\u00e8le que le centre de contr\u00f4le situ\u00e9 dans le complexe de la gare d'Antocha, \u00e0 Madrid, a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de reprendre la circulation des trains environ 6 minutes apr\u00e8s un dysfonctionnement technique du syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 automatique LZB.<\/p>\n

L'AVE a suivi les instructions et a poursuivi sa route. Toutefois, conform\u00e9ment aux protocoles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, le train aurait d\u00fb circuler \u201c \u00e0 vue \u201d, en respectant une limitation de vitesse stricte, plut\u00f4t que d'acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer. Il est possible que le conducteur ait mal interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 une ligne du protocole, mais cela n'a pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La conductrice du train Iryo a re\u00e7u la m\u00eame consigne 5 minutes plus tard, mais elle a rappel\u00e9 peu apr\u00e8s car elle \u00e9tait toujours \u00e0 l'arr\u00eat en raison de probl\u00e8mes de communication.<\/p>\n

En cons\u00e9quence, l'AVE se dirigeait vers l'Iryo \u00e0 l'arr\u00eat sur la m\u00eame ligne tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quent\u00e9e reliant Madrid \u00e0 S\u00e9ville, o\u00f9, \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0, quatre autres trains s'\u00e9taient automatiquement immobilis\u00e9s sur un tron\u00e7on d'environ 69 km en raison d'une d\u00e9faillance du syst\u00e8me LZB.<\/p>\n

D'apr\u00e8s les enregistrements, le centre de contr\u00f4le du trafic a agi comme si les deux trains ne se trouvaient pas dans le m\u00eame secteur de bloc, alors qu'il aurait pu ralentir le train venant en sens inverse et \u00e9viter ainsi la collision frontale mortelle \u2013 l'enqu\u00eate devra toutefois d\u00e9terminer pourquoi il en a \u00e9t\u00e9 ainsi.<\/p>\n

Deuxi\u00e8me accident ferroviaire grave sur le r\u00e9seau espagnol<\/h4>\n

Il s'agit d\u00e9j\u00e0 du deuxi\u00e8me accident ferroviaire grave survenu sur le r\u00e9seau ferroviaire espagnol en peu de temps. En janvier, un train \u00e0 grande vitesse Iryo a d\u00e9raill\u00e9 \u00e0 Adamuz, provoquant la projection de plusieurs voitures sur la voie adjacente, o\u00f9 un train Renfe Alvia venant en sens inverse les a percut\u00e9es \u00e0 pleine vitesse. Quarante-six personnes ont trouv\u00e9 la mort dans cette collision. La cause serait une soudure d\u00e9fectueuse entre deux rails.<\/p>\n

Avec plus de 3 900 km de voies ferr\u00e9es \u00e0 grande vitesse, l'Espagne dispose du plus grand r\u00e9seau ferroviaire \u00e0 grande vitesse d'Europe et du deuxi\u00e8me plus grand au monde, apr\u00e8s la Chine. Et selon l'agence de presse espagnole EFE, les accidents d'Adamuz et d'Urda sont les deux seuls accidents mortels survenus depuis le lancement du train \u00e0 grande vitesse en 1992.<\/p>\n

De plus, si l'on consid\u00e8re qu'en 2025, ce chiffre a atteint un record de 43,8 millions de passagers par an, cela confirme la tendance selon laquelle les trains sont bien plus s\u00fbrs que les voitures \u2013 m\u00eame si le transport a\u00e9rien obtient encore un r\u00e9sultat l\u00e9g\u00e8rement meilleur, notamment parce que le transport a\u00e9rien est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 sous un jour plus favorable au kilom\u00e8tre en raison des longues distances parcourues, le d\u00e9collage et l'atterrissage \u00e9tant les phases les plus risqu\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Le r\u00e9seau ferroviaire HST sous pression<\/h4>\n

Mais c'est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment en raison de ce grand succ\u00e8s que le r\u00e9seau ferroviaire espagnol \u00e0 grande vitesse \u2013 sur lequel op\u00e8rent trois op\u00e9rateurs ferroviaires diff\u00e9rents \u2013 est \u00e9galement soumis \u00e0 une forte pression.<\/p>\n

Par exemple, il semblerait que l'on accorde trop d'importance \u00e0 l'extension du r\u00e9seau et \u00e0 l'augmentation de l'offre \u2014 sur la ligne tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quent\u00e9e reliant Madrid \u00e0 S\u00e9ville, par exemple, le nombre de trains a augment\u00e9 de plus de 12% en une seule ann\u00e9e \u2014 et pas assez \u00e0 l'entretien des infrastructures.<\/p>\n

Les chiffres parlent d'eux-m\u00eames : en France et en Allemagne, environ un tiers du budget serait consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 l'entretien, contre 16% en Espagne.<\/p>\n

Avant l'accident, les conducteurs de train avaient \u00e9galement signal\u00e9 des dysfonctionnements r\u00e9currents au niveau des syst\u00e8mes de signalisation. Des probl\u00e8mes auraient \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9s concernant les pi\u00e8ces de rechange du syst\u00e8me ferroviaire LZB, le dispositif de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 automatique qui surveille en permanence la vitesse et la position des trains sur la ligne Madrid-S\u00e9ville.<\/p>\n

Le syst\u00e8me de signalisation de cette ligne est en cours de remplacement par le tout dernier syst\u00e8me europ\u00e9en de signalisation (ETCS), mais ce remplacement a pris du retard.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Le syst\u00e8me ETCS \/ Infrabel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Obsol\u00e8te<\/h4>\n

LZB est l'acronyme de \u201c Linienzugbeeinflussung \u201d, c'est-\u00e0-dire \u00ab contr\u00f4le des trains par la voie \u00bb. Ce syst\u00e8me allemand, qui utilise une boucle physique (c\u00e2ble) int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u00e0 la voie, indique en permanence au train la vitesse \u00e0 laquelle il est autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 circuler et la distance qu'il peut parcourir en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9, et intervient automatiquement si le conducteur ne respecte pas ces consignes.<\/p>\n

Cependant, ce syst\u00e8me est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme obsol\u00e8te, notamment parce que le fabricant a cess\u00e9 d'assurer le support technique de la version utilis\u00e9e en Espagne ; il est donc en train d'\u00eatre remplac\u00e9 par l'ETCS, le tout dernier syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 europ\u00e9en qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 enti\u00e8rement mis en place en Belgique, par exemple \u2014 l'un des rares pays d'Europe o\u00f9 c'est d\u00e9j\u00e0 le cas.<\/p>\n

En Espagne, cette transition s'op\u00e8re d\u00e9sormais beaucoup plus lentement, m\u00eame si la situation n'est pas aussi grave qu'elle pourrait l'\u00eatre : la ligne \u00e0 grande vitesse Madrid-S\u00e9ville serait apparemment la seule ligne espagnole \u00e0 grande vitesse \u00e0 encore l'utiliser.<\/p>\n

Selon les experts, le syst\u00e8me ETCS, qui utilise des transpondeurs radio et \u00e9lectroniques, aurait d\u00fb \u00eatre op\u00e9rationnel en 2024. La date butoir a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 repouss\u00e9e \u00e0 2025, puis \u00e0 avril 2026, et le syst\u00e8me n'est toujours pas op\u00e9rationnel. On ignore si ce retard est li\u00e9 \u00e0 l'accident.<\/p>\n

En cas de d\u00e9faillance du syst\u00e8me LZB, l\u2019exploitation passe aux signaux lumineux le long de la voie (BSL), l\u2019ASFA assurant alors la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. L\u2019ASFA ne fonctionne que d\u2019une balise \u00e0 l\u2019autre et offre donc une protection bien moins continue. Le contr\u00f4le du trafic doit alors d\u00e9terminer de lui-m\u00eame qui est autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 circuler et \u00e0 quel moment. C'est exactement la situation qui a conduit \u00e0 la collision pr\u00e8s d'Urda.<\/p>\n

Un syst\u00e8me ETCS fonctionnant correctement aurait probablement r\u00e9duit le risque d\u2019accident, car, dans ses modes de secours, il aurait encore pu contr\u00f4ler la vitesse \u2014 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement jusqu\u2019\u00e0 environ 40 km\/h \u2014, mais cela ne l\u2019aurait pas n\u00e9cessairement emp\u00each\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s tout, l'ETCS peut lui aussi tomber en panne. Dans ce cas, le syst\u00e8me passe en mode de secours, dans lequel la d\u00e9cision revient \u00e0 nouveau au conducteur et au contr\u00f4le du trafic.<\/p>\n

Des contr\u00f4leurs de train en col\u00e8re<\/h4>\n

Si le syndicat des conducteurs de train de la SEMAF se met en gr\u00e8ve en ce moment, c\u2019est parce qu\u2019il estime que la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur le r\u00e9seau ferroviaire ne s\u2019am\u00e9liore pas suffisamment. Selon la SEMAF, une commission a \u00e9t\u00e9 mise en place \u00e0 la suite de l\u2019accident survenu \u00e0 Adamuz.<\/p>\n

Pourtant, depuis lors, tout est au point mort, et les accords avec le minist\u00e8re, l'op\u00e9rateur ferroviaire Adif, l'agence de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 AESF et Renfe se heurtent \u00e0 des obstacles administratifs.<\/p>\n

La SEMAF r\u00e9clame la mise en place de protocoles contraignants en mati\u00e8re d'alertes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, des r\u00e8gles claires concernant la communication dans les situations \u00e0 haut risque, ainsi que le respect effectif des pauses obligatoires pendant la conduite.<\/p>\n

Le syndicat r\u00e9clame \u00e9galement des solutions techniques d\u00e9finitives aux probl\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de fiabilit\u00e9 qui touchent le mat\u00e9riel roulant, ainsi que la publication des coefficients permettant l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la retraite anticip\u00e9e. Par ailleurs, la question porte sur le recrutement de nouveaux conducteurs de train.<\/p>\n

Les op\u00e9rateurs ferroviaires espagnols soulignent \u00e9galement que l'entretien des voies est assur\u00e9 par des entreprises priv\u00e9es et mettent en garde contre la d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration de l'\u00e9tat des voies et du mat\u00e9riel roulant.<\/p>\n

Il semble donc qu'outre les enqu\u00eates techniques et judiciaires, une lutte acharn\u00e9e s'annonce entre, d'un c\u00f4t\u00e9, les syndicats ferroviaires et les compagnies ferroviaires et, de l'autre, le ministre des Transports \u2014 qui refuse de d\u00e9missionner.<\/p>\n

Le Premier ministre S\u00e1nchez a d\u00e9j\u00e0 clairement indiqu\u00e9 qu'il y aurait une r\u00e9ponse ferme face \u00e0 toute d\u00e9faillance du syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Il s'engage \u00e9galement \u00e0 renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir la confiance dans le r\u00e9seau ferroviaire \u00e0 grande vitesse.<\/p>\n

Il reste \u00e9galement \u00e0 voir quelle sera l'ampleur de l'impact de cet accident sur les prochaines \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives du 29 novembre.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A total of 68 people have been killed so far in yesterday’s severe collision between 2 high-speed trains in Spain. The investigation into the causes of the train crash is in full swing, but all signs point to possible human error. The accident is believed to have been caused by an “inexplicable” and “wrong” decision […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":164,"featured_media":196886,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"{title}\r\n\r\n{excerpt}\r\n\r\n{url}","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[77170,28,7,31,6,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-196815","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-belgium","category-europe","category-mobility","category-road-safety","category-technology","category-top-stories-today"],"acf":[],"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1",1200,675,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?fit=300%2C169&ssl=1",300,169,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?fit=640%2C360&ssl=1",640,360,true],"large":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?fit=640%2C360&ssl=1",640,360,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1",1200,675,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?fit=1200%2C675&ssl=1",1200,675,true],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?fit=18%2C10&ssl=1",18,10,true],"related-thumb":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?resize=640%2C480&ssl=1",640,480,true],"gform-image-choice-sm":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1",300,300,true],"gform-image-choice-md":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1",400,400,true],"gform-image-choice-lg":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?resize=600%2C600&ssl=1",600,600,true],"mailchimp":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?fit=560%2C315&ssl=1",560,315,true],"unipress-phone":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?resize=640%2C100&ssl=1",640,100,true],"unipress-tablet":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?resize=1200%2C240&ssl=1",1200,240,true],"unipress-tablet-portrait":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?resize=1200%2C180&ssl=1",1200,180,true],"unipress-tablet-landscape":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?resize=1200%2C180&ssl=1",1200,180,true],"unipress-smartphone":["https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/newmobility.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/32ff3396-38d4-420c-9394-684d3bcab64a_16-9-discover-aspect-ratio_default_0_x960y360.png?resize=1080%2C168&ssl=1",1080,168,true],"unipress-wide-s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A total of 68 people have been killed so far in yesterday’s severe collision between 2 high-speed trains in Spain. The investigation into the causes of the train crash is in full swing, but all signs point to possible human error. The accident is believed to have been caused by an “inexplicable” and “wrong” decision by traffic control that allowed the Renfe train to proceed despite the red signal. In the train accident, which occurred near the town of Urda, about 130 km south of Madrid, an AVE high-speed train operated by the state-owned company Renfe rear-ended a stationary high-speed…<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"Belgium<\/a>, Europe<\/a>, Mobility<\/a>, Road safety<\/a>, Technology<\/a>, Top Stories Today<\/a>","author_info_v2":{"name":"Luc Joris","url":"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/fr\/author\/belga-5\/"},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","yoast_head":"\nDeadly rail crash sparks safety row as Spanish train drivers strike - newmobility.news<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/newmobility.news\/fr\/2026\/10\/29\/deadly-rail-crash-sparks-safety-row-as-spanish-train-drivers-strike\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Deadly rail crash sparks safety row as Spanish train drivers strike - newmobility.news\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A total of 68 people have been killed so far in yesterday’s severe collision between 2 high-speed trains in Spain. The investigation into the causes of the train crash is in full swing, but all signs point to possible human error. 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