The European Commission is preparing legislation that would require electric vehicles to be assembled in the EU and source at least 70% of their components locally to qualify for state subsidies.
The move could pave the way for a formal ‘Buy European’ industrial policy, recently called for by Volkswagen, Stellantis, and other European car manufacturers.
The Financial Times reports that the EU Commission is drafting legislation to tie state purchase incentives for new battery-electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles to the EU assembly. Under the plan, only vehicles built in the bloc would qualify for subsidies, public procurement, and leasing schemes.
Brussels also wants at least 70% of non-battery components to be manufactured in the EU, measured by value. In addition, several key battery components would have to originate from the European Union.
Really, 70%?
The Commission still lists the 70% component threshold in square brackets in the draft, indicating that officials are still debating the figure and may revise it.
The Commission plans to publish the ‘Industrial Accelerator Act’, which will embed the new rules, on 25 February. Brussels will extend the legislation beyond the automotive sector to cover construction and heavy industry as well.
The proposed legislation aims to protect EU industries by requiring CO₂ emissions to be considered in public procurement processes. The rationale behind this is clear: the EU’s manufacturing sector is facing significant pressure from cheaper Chinese competition, high energy prices, and the costs of complying with the Union’s stringent climate initiatives. The ‘Buy European’ initiative has thus emerged from intensive lobbying efforts.
This lobbying has not been limited to behind-the-scenes efforts. Europe’s two largest carmakers, Volkswagen and Stellantis, have publicly campaigned for such an initiative.
Earlier this month, VW CEO Oliver Blume and Stellantis manager Antonio Filosa sent a joint open letter calling for domestic production to be prioritized in EU climate regulations. They also proposed financial incentives, stating: “Every battery-electric vehicle ‘Made in Europe’ should receive a CO₂ bonus.”
More independent
The new ‘Buy European’ policy is part of the EU Commission’s broader strategy to reduce Europe’s dependence on China and the US across several sectors. Laws such as the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) have already been introduced by the Commission, but these are intended to be just the beginning.
However, not all local carmakers support such subsidy policies. BMW, for example, has warned that these regulations could create unnecessary costs and bureaucracy.
Other manufacturers, according to the Financial Times, are calling for a more flexible ‘Made in Europe’ rule that extends beyond the EU to include production hubs such as Turkey and the UK, as well as key trading partners like Japan.
And so it surely also depends on where these ‘European’ manufacturers have already outsourced production. Like the member states of Europe, European manufacturers often have different, even opposing interests, which makes it difficult to reach common goals and standards.
