T&E: ‘Real-world CO2 emissions of PHEVs five times higher than official figures’

Hilde Van Raemdonck

September 10, 2025

Transport & Environment's analysis of the 2023 European Environment Agency (EEA) data – covering 806,000 PHEVs – reveals that real-world CO₂ emissions are nearly five times higher than official test figures. This gap is driven by overly optimistic Utility Factors (UFs)—the assumed sh
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